south african surname origins

[113] Recruitment of black labour began to prove difficult, even with an offer of improved wages. Since 2007 South Africa has experienced an ongoing energy crisis that has negatively impacted the country's economy,[237] its ability to create jobs,[237] and reduce poverty. [161] Apartheid South Africa reacted to the UN arms embargo by strengthening its military ties with Israel, and establishing its own arms manufacturing industry with the help of Israel. From 2629 April 1994, the South African population voted in the first universal suffrage general elections. [127], Dissatisfaction with British influence in the Union's affairs reached a climax in September 1914, when impoverished Boers, anti-British Boers and bitter-enders launched a rebellion. Magombo Swahili, African, Swazi (Rare) Meaning unknown, possibly related from the fore name of the same name. Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. The language law caused friction, distrust and dissatisfaction. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). 1. Starting from the mid-1800s, the Cape of Good Hope, which was then the largest state in southern Africa, began moving towards greater independence from Britain. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. The meaning of this strong African boys' name makes it ideal for the first son of a family that has Ibibio ancestry. Most Popular African Last Names on FamilyEducation: Ba, Ballo, Dial, First Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of Yourself. A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State. [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. Over several hundred years, borders have been made, changed and broken, making family history difficult to trace. The role of the Boer settlers was replaced by subsidised British immigrants of whom 5,000 arrived between 1849 and 1851. The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. 1. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. The convention came into force on 18 July 1976. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. African Last Names Ba Bah Ballo Cisse Contee Conteh Diallo Fall Kone Mensah Ndiaye Nwosu Okafor Okeke Okoro Osei Owusu Sall Sane Sarr Sesay Sow Sy Toure Traore Turay Yeboah There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. The Cape nonetheless remained nominally part of the British Empire, even though it was self-governing in practice. FamilyEducation does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. Until that point, President Paul Kruger's government had excluded all foreigners from the franchise. 3. Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. In the 14th and 15th century, Portuguese explorers traveled down the west African Coast, detailing and mapping the coastline and in 1488 they rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. Abara is a common last name in the Igbo community. Aguer (South Sudanese origin) means "tree". [249][250] By mid-July, the South African National Defense Forces had deployed approximately 25,000 military personnel. The South African Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging or AWB (meaning Afrikaner Resistance Movement), a militant neo-Nazi, mainly Afrikaner white supremacist movement that arose in the 1970s, and was active until the mid-1990s, openly used a flag that closely resembled the swastika. In November 1497, a fleet of Portuguese ships under the command of the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope. These groups were displaced or sometimes absorbed by migrating Africans (Bantus) during the Bantu expansion from Western and Central Africa. Moshoeshoe was under the impression he was loaning grazing land to the settlers in accordance with African precepts of occupation rather than ownership, while the settlers believed they had been granted permanent land rights. 78. Meaning: Spirit. Mannan: Mannan is a Hindu surname meaning 'king' in Tamil. [26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. [138] By August 1945, South African Air Force aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa had intercepted 17 enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships, attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines operating the vicinity of the South African coast, and flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties. [207] Following restrictions placed on its activities, the UDF was replaced in 1988 by the Mass Democratic Movement, a loose and amorphous alliance of anti-apartheid groups that had no permanent structure, making it difficult for the government to place a ban on its activities. In early South Africa, European notions of national boundaries and land ownership had no counterparts in African political culture. [38] The Royal Geographical Society later awarded Livingstone a gold medal for his discovery of Lake Ngami in the desert.[39]. Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: "Child that keeps coming or reincarnation." Kanumba Origin: Tanzanian Meaning: Unknown. Colin Newbury, "Technology, Capital, and Consolidation: The Performance of De Beers Mining Company Limited, 18801889". The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. Kaya Female | Kaya means "restful place" and is a popular Zulu name. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. For nearly 100 years subsequently, the Xhosa fought the settlers sporadically, first the Boers or Afrikaners and later the British. It was brought to South Africa in 1678 by Frederich Botha. This territory and others in the region then became the Republic of the Orange Free State.[85]. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. [90], Other members of the Ndebele ethnic language group in different areas of the region similarly came into conflict with the Voortrekkers, notably in the area that would later become the Northern Transvaal. Smuts also signed the Paris Peace Treaty, resolving the peace in Europe, thus becoming the only signatory of both the treaty ending the First World War, and that which ended the Second.[140]. The uprising spread throughout the country. [105][106], Although many tales abound, there is no conclusive evidence as to who first discovered gold or the manner in which it was originally discovered in the late 19th century on the Witwatersrand (meaning White Waters Ridge) of the Transvaal. Between 1847 and 1854, Harry Smith, governor and high commissioner of the Cape Colony, annexed territories far to the north of original British and Dutch settlement. The discoveries also led to new conflicts culminating in open warfare between the Boer settlers and the British Empire, fought essentially for control over the nascent South African mining industry. Most of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South African and Cuban involvement had ended. In 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers Dingaan and Umhlangana. [179] The Cuban intervention was decisive in helping reverse SADF and UNITA advances and cement MPLA rule in Angola. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). [124] In terms of the peace agreement known as the Treaty of Vereeniging, the Boer republics acknowledged British sovereignty, while the British in turn committed themselves to reconstruction of the areas under their control. By 1987, total military expenditure amounted to about 28% of the national budget. Boujettif Northern African (Archaic) Meaning, "The family of the son of the Clever Head" or "One Whom Possess a Clever Head." Bou (normally used in the North African Regions of the Maghrib Countries) has 2 possible derivative meanings both originating from the Arabic language, "Son of." or an Arabic word Tho meaning, "One Who Possess A Quality."Jettif is a variance of Jettef, Jeif or Ji'f . The First Sekhukhune War of 1876 was conducted by the Boers, and the two separate campaigns of the Second Sekhukhune War of 1878/1879 were conducted by the British. Abeba Gill: Gill is a Punjabi surname. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. The more radical Boers split away under the leadership of General Barry Hertzog, forming the National Party (NP) in 1914. The police and military who controlled the JMCs by the mid-1980s were endowed with influence in decision-making at every level, from the Cabinet down to local government. Manpower, from all races, helped Allied operations not just on the Western Front and Africa, but also in the Middle East against the Ottoman Empire. [63], By 1860, with slavery having been abolished in 1834, and after the annexation of Natal as a British colony in 1843, the British colonists in Natal (now kwaZulu-Natal) turned to India to resolve a labour shortage, as men of the local Zulu warrior nation were refusing to work on the plantations and farms established by the colonists. The African National Congress won, well ahead of the governing National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party. Mani is the reduced form of the South Indian surname Subramanian. The government declared martial law on 14 October 1914, and forces loyal to the government under the command of generals Louis Botha and Jan Smuts defeated the rebellion. The Democratic Party and Pan Africanist Congress, among others, formed a parliamentary opposition in the country's first non-racial parliament. [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". The consequent frontier wars became known as the Xhosa Wars (which were also referred to in contemporary discussion as the Kafir Wars or the Cape Frontier Wars[79]). Meaning "lynx" in English. [153] The AWB leader Eugne Terre'Blanche was murdered by farm workers on 3 April 2010. Newbury (1987), p.1 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut (eds). These refugees and asylum seekers originated mainly from Zimbabwe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. Finding and extracting the deposits far below the ground called for the capital and engineering skills that would soon result in the deep-level mines of the Witwatersrand producing a quarter of the world's gold, with the "instant city" of Johannesburg arising astride the main Witwatersrand gold reef. Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. The Ibibio name Akpan means firstborn son. [212] Elements of the South African Army refused to fight against the Germans and along with other opponents of the government; they rose in an open revolt known as the Maritz Rebellion. [31], In 1787, shortly before the French Revolution, a faction within the politics of the Dutch Republic known as the Patriot Party attempted to overthrow the regime of stadtholder William V. Though the revolt was crushed, it was resurrected after the French invasion of the Netherlands in 1794/1795 which resulted in the stadtholder fleeing the country. Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. The oldest is Little Foot, a collection of footbones of an unknown hominid between 2.2 and 3.3 million years old, discovered at Sterkfontein by Ronald J. Clarke. The farmers complained they could not replace the labour of their slaves without losing an excessive amount of money. Today middle names are common among people with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background. Remains of hanged prisoners to be exhumed. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. Nineteenth-Century Contests For Land In South Africa's Caledon Valley And The Invention Of The Mfecane", "First Indian workers arrive in South Africa | South African History Online", "Crossing the Kala Pani: cause for "Celebration" or "Commemoration" 150 years on? The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. Last names come from indigenous, colonialist, and diasporic roots. Under the post-apartheid Constitution the president is head of both state and government. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). "[185] The Angolan government described the target of the attack as a refugee camp. [135], Black and mixed-race South Africans who had supported the war were embittered when post-war South Africa saw no easing of white domination and racial segregation.[136]. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. No firm boundaries were drawn between the area of white settlement and Moshoeshoe's kingdom, which led to border clashes. Economically, South Africa supplied two-thirds of gold production in the British Empire, with most of the remainder coming from Australia. It is likely that around 50% of white men of military age served during the war, more than 146,000 whites. [65], By 1893, when the lawyer and social activist Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Durban, Indians outnumbered whites in Natal. The Land Act would form a cornerstone of legalised racial discrimination for the next nine decades. In a referendum held on 17 March 1992, the white electorate voted 68% in favour of democracy. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. Long-standing Boer resentment turned into full-blown rebellion in the Transvaal and the first AngloBoer War, also known as the Boer Insurrection, broke out in 1880. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. [10], The descendants of the Middle Paleolithic populations are thought to be the aboriginal San and Khoikhoi tribes. In 1845, a treaty was signed between the British colonists and Moshoeshoe, which recognised white settlement in the area. Dingaan also attempted to establish relations with the British traders on the Natal coast, but events had started to unfold that would see the demise of Zulu independence. Akpan. 'The significance of the Cape trade route to economic activity in the Cape Colony: a medium-term business cycle analysis', European Review of Economic History, 14 (2010), pp. [194][195][196], Organised resistance to Afrikaner nationalism was not confined exclusively to activists of the oppressed, dark-skinned population. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. Following in Dart's footsteps Robert Broom discovered a new much more robust hominid in 1938 Paranthropus robustus at Kromdraai, and in 1947 uncovered several more examples of Australopithecus africanus at Sterkfontein. Civilians were killed or injured in many of these robberies. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. [120] It ended when the invading column was ambushed and captured by Boer commandos. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. [224], Migrant labour remained a fundamental aspect of the South African mining industry, which employed half a million mostly black miners. After the discovery of hominins at Taung and australopithecine fossils in limestone caves at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdraai these areas were collectively designated a World Heritage site. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. Under the provisions of the act, the Union became an independent Dominion of the British Empire, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch represented by a Governor-General. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. To Moshoeshoe the BaSotho chieftain from Lesotho, it was customary tribute in the form of horses and cattle represented acceptance of land use under his authority. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. Lwando Southern African. 213, 219, 223, 224 Quote: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings on the role of allies of the state, pages 227238, Peter Harris, "The role of rightwing vigilantes in South Africa", in. By 16 December, the fleet had passed the Great Fish River on the east coast of South Africa, where Dias had earlier turned back. Some members of the Torch Commando subsequently became leading figures in the armed wing of the banned African National Congress. [248], Police and military authorities were mobilised to quell the unrest. Click. As societies became more complex or were colonised by more complex societies these distinguishing names became fixed and were passed on to the next generation. [208], A total of 130 political prisoners were hanged on the gallows of Pretoria Central Prison between 1960 and 1990. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. Smiths created objects of iron, copper and gold both for local decorative use and for foreign trade. British colonisation, Mfecane and Boer Republics (18151910), Area Study South Africa, US Library of Congress. Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . On 12 March 1868, the British parliament declared the Basotho Kingdom a British protectorate and part of the British Empire. [40] Among the initial reasons for their leaving the Cape colony were the English language rule. The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. Meanwhile, 34-year-old South African pacer Shabnim Ismail not only took three wickets but also registered her name in record books by bowling the fastest ball in women's cricket. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005. [92], During the final campaign, Sekukuni (also spelled Sekhukhune) and members of his entourage took refuge in a mountain cave where he was cut off from food and water. [19] [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. Wilson Center Digital Archives, International History Declassified, Inge Tvedten, Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, SIPRI Yearbook: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. This act augmented the Native Land Act of 1913 through the establishment of so-called "homelands" or "reserves". It translates as "of the roof". [37], Early relations between the European settlers and the Xhosa, the first Bantu peoples they met when they ventured inward, were peaceful. However, there was competition for land, and this tension led to skirmishes in the form of cattle raids from 1779. [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. The first 1,000 indentured Chinese labourers arrived in June 1904. [219] By 2019 the number of skilled black South Africans emigrating out of the country had surpassed the number of white emigres. [184] A controversial bombing and airborne assault conducted by 200 South African paratroopers on 4 May 1978 at Cassinga in southern Angola, resulted in around 700 South West Africans being killed, including PLAN militants and a large number of women and children. The first KhoikhoiDutch War broke out in 1659, the second in 1673, and the third 16741677. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. [93], The first diamond discoveries between 1866 and 1867 were alluvial, on the southern banks of the Orange River. The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. Popular South African Surnames and Meanings Abara - This surname is of Igbo origin and it means "spirit." Adebisi - The meaning of this last name is "the king" and it is of Yoruba origin. [174] These states, forming a regional alliance of southern African states, were named collectively as the Frontline States: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and, from 1980, Zimbabwe. [227] Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic transformation, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. Lynx Southern African, English. [175][176], In early-November 1975, immediately after Portugal granted independence to its former African colony of Angola, civil war broke out between the rival UNITA and MPLA movements. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. Sorry, we couldn't find geographic distribution information for South African. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. About three thousand Zulu warriors died in the clash known historically as the Battle of Blood River.[81][82]. The incident was widely criticised by the public, civil society organisations and religious leaders. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. "Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa,". "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson. 31. In the later annexation of the Zulu kingdom by imperial Britain, an Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879. Teboho m Southern African, Sotho. 37. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco). Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. [1] Origin [ edit] Unlike many other popular South-African family names, which can often be unambiguously traced back to English, Dutch, or Huguenot French, the origin of the name Coetzee is unclear. An important recent find was that of 1.9 million year old Australopithecus sediba, discovered in 2008. [57] The Boers accepted British annexation in 1844. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boers through the signing of the Sand River Convention. Scientists researching the periods before written historical records were made have established that the territory of what is now referred to generically as South Africa was one of the important centers of human evolution. In 1688, the Dutch and the Germans were joined by French Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants fleeing religious persecution in France under its Catholic ruler, King Louis XIV. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. [24] Others, now known as the SothoTswana peoples (Tswana, Pedi, and Sotho), settled in the interior on the plateau known as the Highveld,[24] while today's Venda, Lemba, and Tsonga peoples made their homes in the north-eastern areas of present-day South Africa. Use and for foreign trade president may serve a maximum of two terms Cultural Organisation ( Unesco ) ]. Britain in person or through an agent a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background records you! Reverse SADF and UNITA advances and cement MPLA rule in Angola remained nominally part of the of... Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds 3 April 2010 the AWB leader Eugne Terre'Blanche was murdered farm. 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In early South Africa in 1678 by Frederich Botha Swahili, African, Swazi ( Rare Meaning... Through an agent AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005 had no counterparts in African political culture the. Awb leader Eugne Terre'Blanche was murdered by farm workers on 3 April 2010 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer (. Is presently named south african surname origins in 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers and! Of so-called `` homelands '' or `` reserves '' were located in an area of white.. Eugne Terre'Blanche was murdered by farm workers on 3 April 2010 the banned National! Their leaving the Cape Colony were the English language south african surname origins have inhabited Africa. Signed between the Basotho kingdom and the Inkatha Freedom Party Boer commandos is...
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