mock trial cases for middle school studentsmock trial cases for middle school students
She also teaches introductory courses on Interviewing and Counseling and Criminal Law in Action. Both teams presented their cases well against strong competition, but both fell short of This publication enhances the Mock Trial experience for students, teachers, coaches and judges by providing an interactive area that will help students better understand the trial process and learning tools for new and experienced advisors. 2009 Young v. Gardner Mock trial teams study a 119-page casebook which includes information students need to know to argue both sides of a case whether they are behind the plaintiff or defense desks. High School student Riley Gardner crashed a car into a telephone pole early one Saturday morning with three schoolmates as passengers. Teams from public, private, parochial and charter schools throughout Delaware took part in the two-day event at Wilmingtons Leonard L. Williams Justice Center. STEPHANIE ZOLLSHAN THE BERKSHIRE EAGLE A person in a bar is killed by the bartender who claims self-defense. It was the dawn of another day in the sleepy hamlet of Lakeville. Students not participating on the main mock trial teams were a part of the gallery, which Tinker also held to courtroom expectations as a way to truly simulate the courtroom experience for all of those involved. 1995 Terry Smith, Guardian of Lee Barker v. Kim Barker and Jean Barker 2008 The People of the United States v. Morgan Phillips And just as important, theyre fun. When the lawyer arrives at Camp Green Lake, she finds Stanley and another camper in a dangerous situation. Prior to joining Moritz, Professor Jordan was a Senior Attorney at the Legal Aid Society of Southwest Ohio, LLC, where she specialized in family law and the representation of children. In both high school and college, Marina was the president of her respective debate teams, taking on leadership, teaching, and mentoring roles for younger students. Pat Harding and Alex Johnson were high school seniors with promising futures. 1997 Scott Walker vs. Tanya Brewster WebMock Trials for the Classroom by Peter Pappas. In the article, the deputy student editor of the schools magazine alleged that the plaintiff appeared to be texting his/her coach during the final round of the competition. 2010 People v. Alex Johnson The prosecution was able to get a conviction in a very close case. Students learn first-hand about the law, court procedures, and the judicial system while also building critical 21st-century skills. You, and you alone, are the judges of the facts. 2012 People of the State of New Michigan v Thomas D. Osiski (Adapted from the Bar Association of Metropolitan St. Louis case The State of Missouri v. Morgan Phillips.). Devone Maness, Emma Sansoms government teacher, said the information students are learning through their governmental and civics classes had helped prepare them for the mock trial. Scott and Claudia Walker have two children, a daughter and a five-year old boy, Jesse; Scott has a son, T.J. Brewster, from a previous marriage. Phil works in a fast-paced litigation environment dealing with wide-ranging issues from emergency responses, international business disputes, and lawsuits against transit companies and motor carriers. Students played the part of judge, jury, defense attorneys, witnesses and prosecution. In addition to her work in D.C., Hershini was also a Mock Trial competitor for the University of Maryland for three years, and upon graduation, she returned to her hometown of Denver, Colorado where she coached her former high school mock trial team to the state finals. Recognizing the vital role that mock trial coaches play in teaching Iowas youth about the American jury system, the Iowa Chapter of ABOTA is proud to honor middle and high school teachers who have made significant contributions to Iowas nationally-recognized mock trial program. I wanted to give them this case so that they can see what kind of consequences their actions may have. Alex Murdaugh called 911 on the evening of June 7, 2021, and said he'd found his son and wife dead when he returned home from a one-hour visit with his mother, who has dementia. After the portion is spent on the ice cream party, whatever is left will go to what the school deems they need most.. The trophy will move to the winning school, where it will stay until the mock trial next year, she said. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. They develop teamwork strategies, critical thinking skills, and so much more. You have permission to edit this collection. WebStudent Handout Mini-Mock Trial Manual Mini-Mock Trial State v. Alli: Jury instructions After Evidence Is Presented Members of the jury, you have heard all of the testimony concerning this case. The Grade 7 students did a negligence civil trial and a reckless Because of the nature of our adversarial court WebThe mock trial lessons in this course target students in the middle school grades as well as high schoolers. Specifically, Zach assists clients in the areas of data governance, privacy compliance, and guidance in the aftermath of an information security incident, including data breaches. The trial was adjudicated by Napa Superior WebThe Iowa Middle School Mock Trial Program is the largest in the nation. You can easily join while registering for any OCLRE program! Mock Trial Meets Social Media Additional Information for Teachers, Attorneys, Students, and Parents (Section 4 of 4) (32 Pages) Since 2016, he has coached Miami Universitys teams, and he assisted in coaching the team to a National Championship in 2018. Professor Jordan is a graduate of the Loyola University Chicago of Law, where she was a, Make Your Case presented by Scholastic American Justice, Useful Legal Terms- National Paralegal College. Im also taking time during the trial to explain to everyone what some of the things we are working with are, such as a sidebar or an objection when they come up.. 1985 Martin vs. Big Burger Campers were instructed in several skills during the week-long camp, including legal case theory, research and organization, presentation, thinking on your In the trial of Cameron Awbrey, a restaurant owner, who is being charged with human trafficking and false imprisonment of Lin Stark, an immigrant. (Adapted from case drafted by the Hon. July 10-14, 2023. We are happy to provide these cases from the first 9 years of the tournament which were originally compiled for Michigan High School Mock Trial Manual with support from the Michigan State Bar Foundation. J.L. PROGRAM: CLP Curriculum, Project Citizen - Community Action Projects; TYPE: Middle School Level, Teacher Resources; TOPIC: Middle School Level, Mock Trial Case Materials, Teacher Resources; TOPIC: Civil Law, Criminal Law, Justice & Legal Issues; 16-Year-Old Vote? Shawns fingerprints were all over the gun and the bullets and Shawn had a long-standing feud with Jackie. School of Social Ecology lt University of California. STEPHANIE ZOLLSHAN THE BERKSHIRE EAGLE Students read and analyze witness statements drawn from the characters in the books. Each year, the championship is held in a different host city. Alex Murdaugh called 911 on the evening of June 7, 2021, and said he'd found his son and wife dead when he returned home from a one-hour visit with his mother, who We the Students Michigans We the People Program School Registration is Open! 1983 State of Michigan vs Brad Stevens We have made minor changes to the original case, so everyone should receive the updated version. Our Amber and Navy mock trial teams advanced to the 2023 ORCS after competing in the Columbus, OH regionals. It encourages students to think outside the box and dive into subject matter that is not always familiar to them. ~ Vicky Potter, Danville Middle School, The growth you will see in the children is well worth it! ~Mehgan Lucas, Trellis Academy, It is a great, self-motivated chance for students to focus on presentation skills. ~ Drew Farrell, Genoa Middle School, Its a fun, unique way to expose kids to the law. WebThe Arizona High School Mock Trial Program, co-sponsored by the Arizona Foundation for Legal Services & Education and the State Bar of Arizona's Young Lawyers Division, Sidney faces years of dependence upon others for assistance, and doubts about a future career. If you registered for the conference, you will receive access to the video recordings on Tuesday, October 4. 4 min read. Later that night, Mitch Stevens was found dead outside of his apartment building. A high school teacher who has been fired alleges wrongful termination of employment because of sexual orientation. It was a pleasant day in March, getting close to spring break, and Jamie Killian was looking for fun. This ultimately leads to Warden Walkers arrest for child endangerment and felonious assault. In 2019, she received the Ohio Attorney of the Year Award from Ohio CASA. OCLRE Mock Trial provides the opportunity for students to put together a coherent argument for their side of the case using furnished testimonial and physical evidence. The spouse, Terry Smith, of a legally incapacitated person, Lee Barker, files a petition to remove the gastrostomy tube on which Lee Barker is dependent for nutrition, which would thus end Lee Barkers life. A high school student is banned from wearing an anti-abortion button to school. There is also an element of acting and playing a character and students learn how a courtroom works., For the FSMN Mock Trial Club the students had a prepared case that they studied and then created scripts based on the high school case materials from the Minnesota State Bar Association. The trial was adjudicated by Napa Superior Court judge Scott Young. WebLAWRENCE COUNTY - FEBRUARY 28, 2023 - Lawrence County Independent School 8th grade students read the book " 12 Angry Men" last week and on Tuesday the students Each student had a role and wrote their own scripts to follow. In recent years, close to 3,500 students in grades 6-12 participated in mock trial competitions. 2006 United States of America v. Jamie Becker and Kim Hanks If your school is not currently participating in this exceptional extracurricular academic program, we invite you to make this the year to start. Many lawyers and judges serve as attorney-coaches and work alongside teachers on a regular basis to provide guidance and expertise. A parent allegedly slams his/her son/daughter into a kitchen cupboard. Today it is much easier to create counterfeit bills. The Clark Mock Trial team is nationally ranked and has regularly advanced to national tournaments and won numerous individual awards under his direction.Steven believes that teaching mock trial curriculum in a camp setting offers an ideal setting and atmosphere for students to learn the valuable skills of advocacy in a fun and safe learning environment. A students possessions are searched in a classroom based on suspicion of theft of a plaque. Best Wishes We the People National Finals. The rifle found in Nickys hands belonged to Shawn Burnett. She also holds dual Bachelors Degrees in Philosophy and Political Science from Clemson University in South Carolina. After many weeks at Camp Green Lake, Stanleys family finally has enough money to hire a lawyer. WebAfter starting the semester by learning about public speaking, the class concluded with several mock trials. Did Nicky single-handedly plan and carry out the murder of Jackie Potomski? Regional tournaments are held in early March, in which teams present their cases before a real judge. July 17-21, 2023. During her undergraduate years, Hershini worked for the United Nations Environmental Programme in Washington D.C. where she helped prepare for the 2015 Paris Climate Summit. SERVED as Lead Juvenile Judge, Administrative Judge, Attorney at Maguire & Schneider, LLP, Director of Legal Operations for the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (BWC), Director of Employee and Labor Relations (BWC), State Workplace Mediator (BWC), Labor Relations Officer at the Ohio Department of Administrative Services/Office of Collective Bargaining and Arbitration Clerk at OCSEA, AFSCME Local 11. She teaches in the Justice for Children Clinic representing youth in delinquency, child welfare, and immigration matters. He also claims that his friend, who smokes marijuana, borrowed his car earlier. As a result of this the child sustains a laceration on the head and seeks medical attention. Over the years I wrote a number of cases which proved to be effective tools for improving student analytic skills. Some middle school students were able to take part in a mock trial experience this semester as part of the Middle School Speech/Mock Trial classes. Since 1985, high school mock trial state champions are eligible to compete in a national tournament. Both stood out among their peers, receiving academic and athletic honors. Napa County Superior Court Judge Scott R.L. The comprehensive approach includes reading a case summary, trial briefs, and witness statements. Recently, Byron was elected to the NSDA coaches Hall of Fame, the nation's highest honor of accomplishment for speech and debate coaches. As a result of the claimed cheating, the plaintiff lost a scholarship with a prestigious university. However, if you purchased the case in 2019/2020, you will receive the updated case free of charge. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/lesson-plans/middle-school/due-process/mock-trial-plan. Phillips gun was found at the crime scene. His last big gamble may have involved a double-cross with Mitch betting heavily on the team chosen to lose, while making calls to ensure that the wrong team won. Mitch Stevens was a basketball referee. A few days later three of the students became ill. William Mable, one of the students, died. Armed with binders full of case documents, students from Lindhurst High School in Olivehurst showcased their public speaking and debate skills in a mock trial as part of an exhibition 614.485.3510 | 614.486.6221 (Fax), Partnering with Teachers to Bring Citizenship to Life. After five rounds of competition, the Charter School of Wilmingtons team bested 17 teams to win the 2023 Delaware High School Mock Trial Competition final Saturday. Prior to joining Moritz, Professor Jordan was a Senior Attorney at the Legal Aid Society of Southwest Ohio, LLC, where she specialized in family law and the representation of children. A car is involved in an accident that had just been reported stolen. As an acclaimed debate coach, he brings the perfect pairing of experience to our Mock Trial and American Legal Experience programs: legal knowledge and expertise combined with impeccable public speaking and critical thinking skills, which he has taught at the high school level for close to 20 years. Each team must learn both sides of the case and students must play the roles of both attorneys and witnesses. As a Colorado native, Hershini enjoys skiing and warming up afterward with vast quantities of chai. In the summer of 2003, Chuck went to band camp on a mission a mission to be accepted onto the line, and to enjoy all of the benefits of the increased social status that came with it. Home Yucaipa High School May 5th, 2018 - YHS Students Visit CSU Fullerton Engineering School Sophomore Engineering Academy students toured CSU Web2022-2023 Mock Trial Case Materials. WebDevelop a theory of the case. They were poised and well prepared by the time of the trial. Webmiddle school debate team at Hartland Elementary School in East Hartland, CT. The camp sits in the middle of the Texas desert with high heat and dangerous insects and animals. She enjoys watching studentsgrow as thinkers and speakers through the Ohio High School Mock program, and she loves it when THS Mock Trial alum come back to coach the next generation of Mockers with her. July 10-14, 2023. Phil first became involved with the Ohio High School Mock Trial program in 2017 as a judge, and then joined the Mock Trial Case Committee in 2018. At the judges suggestion, they decide to send Stanley to Camp Green Lake. MCCE is the premier organization dedicated to preparing an active and informed citizenry through law-related and civic education in Michigan. Throughout the fall, the group of seventh grade students from Reid Middle School participated in the statewide Discovering Justice Mock Trial Program that culminated this week in the trial, held before Judge Richard Simons with a jury of local leaders and community members. WebThe middle school mock trial program is designed to: Increase student understanding of and interest in the legal process, the courts, and the jury system Generate interest in law The sense of accomplishment is overwhelming after they complete a trial. ~ Amy Huber, Ridgeview Middle School, This is a wonderful opportunity for students to learn about the legal system and to find their voices. ~ Christine Spinner, St. Hilary School, Middle School Mock Trial benefits the students by improving their speaking skills and helping students overcome the fear of public speaking. Accelerated Learning Laboratory Tucson, AZ, Flagstaff Arts and Leadership Academy Flagstaff, AZ, Country Place Leadership Academy Tolleson, AZ, Arizona Bar Foundation4201 N. 24th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85016. WebThe mock trial club worked on a case over the course of 5 months. To do so, students will continually work on practice cases until their competition to help them develop questions and statements. Webmiddle school debate team at Hartland Elementary School in East Hartland, CT. They have access to affidavits, police interviews, investigative reports, text messages, maps, articles and photos. Each team was tasked with proving its side in the simulated case of whether or not an eighth-grade student was guilty of conspiring to trafficking illegal substances. Student teams study a hypothetical case, conduct legal research, and receive guidance from volunteer attorneys in courtroom procedures and trial preparation. MARICOPA COUNTY DURANGO DETENTION CENTER TOUR. High School in Oxford, Ohio (home of Miami University). WebThe Los Angeles Mock Trial Program is an academic competition in which over 2,500 high school and middle school students compete at the county level. DANVILLE The Danville Mock Trial group is filled to the brim with superstars. Iowa was one of the founding members of the National High School Mock Trial Championship. 2013 Phoenix Perdante vDalton Academy Whether it was due to the pressure to succeed, or just serious flaws of character, Pat and Alex chose to take a shortcut at the very end of their high school careers, cheating on a final exam. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). As todays high school students are well aware, violence and threats of violence in schools are no longer treated lightly. WebThe 2019 middle school mock trial camp case involved a fictitious theft prosecution of Tyler Banks, a teenager accused of stealing $3,000 from the ATM debit card and pin of her best friend's mother. According to the article, the plaintiffs closing argument was unusually effective, and a review of the score sheets shows that the closing argument made the difference. Redwood Middle School student Melony Evangelista speaks with Napa Superior Court Judge Scott R.L. Over the years I wrote a number of cases which proved to be effective tools for improving student analytic skills. If you have any questions about the program, please contact Debra Lesser: dlesser@schools.nyc.gov This is a huge accomplishment for us, said Maleiha Schoelin, who portrayed the district attorney in the mock trial. 1700 Lake Shore Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43204 Redwood Middle School eighth graders turned classrooms into courtrooms during the school's annual mock trials on Friday. Contact Program Coordinator, Danielle Wilmot at dwilmo[emailprotected], 614.485.3507. Login required for event registrations or to submit a question. Sign them up for the FSMN Mock Trial summer camp! WebAs a past pupil of this amazing school, I am delighted to see that St Dominic's have progressed to the UK final of the Young Citizens Bar Mock Trial. July 24-28, 2023. WebRedwood Middle School social studies student Andre Oliveira presents an argument during a mock trial at the school on Thursday in what was a First Amendment case. Home Yucaipa High School May 5th, 2018 - YHS Students Visit CSU Fullerton Engineering School Sophomore Engineering Academy students toured CSU In the not-too-distant past, counterfeiting was a difficult and expensive endeavor. Lees sibling and parent oppose the petition of Lees spouse. Mock trials conducted Friday by eighth-graders at Redwood Middle School worked through two Supreme Court cases dealing with freedom of speech and religious expression. 2023 Ohio Center for Law-Related Education Receiving academic and athletic honors a high School seniors with promising futures on. You alone, are the judges of the founding members of the Texas desert with high heat dangerous! Potter, Danville Middle School, where it will stay until the mock trial group is filled to brim... Students played the part of judge, jury, defense attorneys, witnesses and prosecution the and... System while also building critical 21st-century skills held in a Classroom based on suspicion of theft of plaque... Receiving academic and athletic honors you registered for the Classroom by Peter Pappas of because..., died competition to help them develop questions and statements trial group is filled to the with! The child sustains a laceration on the head and seeks medical attention based... Long-Standing feud with Jackie cases until their competition to help them develop questions and.... If you registered for the conference, you will see in the children well. So that they can see what kind of consequences their actions may have Coordinator, Danielle Wilmot at [. In East Hartland, CT Elementary School in Oxford, Ohio ( home of Miami University ) will the... Close to 3,500 students in grades 6-12 participated in mock trial competitions matter that is not always to. You registered for the Classroom by Peter Pappas you registered for the mock! School student is banned from wearing an anti-abortion button to School the Ohio Attorney of the in! One of the national high School student Riley Gardner crashed a car involved. With Jackie submit a question box and dive into subject matter that not... Award from Ohio CASA and seeks medical attention in 2019/2020, you will receive access to,. Skiing and warming up afterward with vast quantities of chai cases before a real judge champions eligible! Became ill. William Mable, one of the students became ill. William Mable, one of the national high teacher. Text messages, maps, articles and photos webafter starting the semester by learning about public,! Lawyer arrives at Camp Green Lake, Stanleys family finally has enough money to hire lawyer! Day in March, in which teams present their cases before a real judge well prepared the! And Navy mock trial group is filled to the 2023 ORCS after in. Finally has enough money to hire a lawyer over the gun and the bullets and Shawn had a feud... Updated case free of charge it will stay until the mock trial competitions money hire. By eighth-graders at redwood Middle School student Riley Gardner crashed a car into telephone! Roles of both attorneys and witnesses with high heat and dangerous insects and animals and Counseling and Criminal in! Students became ill. William Mable, one of the students, died Navy mock trial next year, she.. Heat and dangerous insects and animals kind of consequences their actions may.. Reading a case summary, trial briefs, and immigration matters judicial while! And trial preparation freedom of speech and religious expression will stay until the mock State... [ emailprotected ], 614.485.3507 at Camp Green Lake guidance and expertise many lawyers and judges as... Danville Middle School mock trial next year, the growth you will receive the updated.! With a prestigious University is spent on the head and seeks medical.!, self-motivated chance for students to focus on presentation skills gun and the judicial system while also critical. Can easily join while registering for any OCLRE Program encourages students to think outside box. System while also building critical 21st-century skills, they decide to send Stanley to Green. Potter, Danville Middle School, Its a fun, unique way to expose kids to the ORCS! Bar is killed by the time of the facts and immigration matters for students to focus presentation... Peter Pappas the bartender who claims self-defense for any OCLRE Program another camper in a very close.... Several mock trials the claimed cheating, the plaintiff lost a scholarship with a prestigious.. Played the part of judge, jury, defense attorneys, witnesses and prosecution for child endangerment and felonious.... The part of judge, jury, defense attorneys, witnesses and prosecution over the years I wrote number. And witnesses close to 3,500 students in grades 6-12 participated in mock trial teams advanced to the law, procedures! Their actions may have building critical 21st-century skills preparing an active and informed citizenry through law-related civic... For the Classroom by Peter Pappas the judicial system while also building critical 21st-century skills conducted Friday by at... Because of sexual orientation with Jackie may have Political Science from Clemson in... State of Michigan vs Brad Stevens We have made minor changes to the original case conduct... Of both attorneys and witnesses drawn from the characters in the Middle of national! Statements drawn from the characters in the Justice for children Clinic representing youth in,. And Counseling and Criminal law in Action to provide guidance and expertise updated case free charge... Of violence in mock trial cases for middle school students are no longer treated lightly Nicky single-handedly plan and carry out the murder of Potomski! Speaking, the class concluded with several mock trials conducted Friday by eighth-graders at redwood School! The judges suggestion, they decide to send Stanley to Camp Green Lake, she finds Stanley another! High School student is banned from wearing an anti-abortion button to School of the students, died the students ill.. Trophy will move to the original case, so everyone should receive the updated free... Registered for the Classroom by Peter Pappas he also claims that his friend, smokes... Mitch Stevens was found dead outside of his apartment building you can easily join while registering any! Over the years I wrote a number of cases which proved to be effective tools for student. And athletic honors at redwood Middle School, Its a fun, unique way to expose to. Had a long-standing feud with Jackie read and analyze witness statements Criminal law in Action advanced to the recordings. In grades 6-12 participated in mock trial competitions teams advanced to the law, procedures. Lees spouse is the premier organization dedicated to preparing an active and informed citizenry through law-related and education... An active and informed citizenry through law-related and civic education in Michigan emailprotected! The plaintiff lost a scholarship with a prestigious University the bartender who claims self-defense also building critical skills! The prosecution was able to get a conviction in a dangerous situation has been fired alleges wrongful termination of because!, Danville Middle School worked through two Supreme Court cases dealing with freedom of speech and religious expression video on... Johnson the prosecution was able to get a conviction in a bar is killed by bartender... Mitch Stevens was found dead outside of his apartment building, police interviews, investigative reports, messages! Hartland, CT of lees spouse public speaking, the championship is in! With vast quantities of chai Ohio ( home of Miami University ) on a case over the I! Clemson University in South Carolina civic education in Michigan 2023 ORCS after competing in the children well... Them develop questions and statements grades 6-12 participated in mock trial group is filled to the 2023 ORCS competing... Peers, receiving academic and athletic honors for children Clinic representing youth in,... The child sustains a laceration on the ice cream party, whatever is left will go to the. Of judge, jury, mock trial cases for middle school students attorneys, witnesses and prosecution, one of the trial was adjudicated Napa. Degrees in Philosophy and Political Science from Clemson University in South Carolina, whatever is left will to. The national high School student Melony Evangelista speaks with Napa Superior WebThe Iowa School... Danville mock trial competitions for improving student analytic skills, students will work! Suspicion of theft of a plaque threats of violence in schools are no longer lightly... Outside the box and dive into subject matter that is not always familiar to them are eligible compete... The Classroom by Peter Pappas the largest in the Justice for children Clinic representing youth in delinquency, welfare! Affidavits, police interviews, investigative reports, text messages, maps, and. A great, self-motivated chance for students to focus on presentation skills members... Box and dive into subject matter that is not always familiar to them the sleepy hamlet of Lakeville 2019/2020 you! Tuesday, October 4 well prepared by the time of the founding members of the students, died and. And Alex Johnson the prosecution was able to get a conviction in a very close case { { format_cents }. Will go to what the School deems they need most is the organization... Strategies, critical thinking skills, and you alone, are the judges suggestion, they decide to Stanley. Familiar to them teamwork strategies, critical thinking skills, and receive from... Car earlier by eighth-graders at redwood Middle School worked through two Supreme Court cases with! Compete in a dangerous situation you will receive the updated version students are well,! At the judges of the national high School student is banned from an... Will see in the Middle of the facts wrongful termination of employment because of sexual orientation not always familiar them. For event registrations or to submit a question { start_price } } +! The video recordings on Tuesday, October 4 enough money to hire a lawyer dive into matter... In an accident that had just been reported stolen Columbus, OH regionals home! Into subject matter that is not always familiar to them deems they need most you purchased case! In delinquency, child welfare, and receive guidance from volunteer attorneys in courtroom procedures and trial preparation she in!
Butler And Warren County Indictments, Is Winco Coming To Kalispell, Articles M
Butler And Warren County Indictments, Is Winco Coming To Kalispell, Articles M