Ref accessed 02-12-89 by technical aspects and coast mapping. Spars are moored to the seabed like TLPs, but whereas a TLP has vertical tension tethers, a spar has more conventional mooring lines. The key features of the OctabuoyTM are: Moss semi-submersible FPUs are focusing on simple and efficient solutions. FPSOs consist of large monohull structures, generally (but not always) shipshaped, equipped with processing facilities. These installations, sometimes called toadstools, are small platforms, consisting of little more than a well bay, helipad and emergency shelter. Conventional installation methods (quayside/float over), Can be re-deployed for several field applications. The first semi-submersible resulted from an unexpected observation in 1961. Successful milestones include the hull of the first FPU in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea and the world’s first deep-draft dry tree semi-submersible floating production platform. Such platforms are, by virtue of their immobility, designed for very long term use (for instance the Hibernia platform). To position the GBS during installation, the GBS may be connected to either a transportation barge or any other barge (provided it is large enough to support the GBS) using strand jacks. Steel GBS are predominantly used when there is no or limited availability of crane barges to install a conventional fixed offshore platform, for example in the Caspian Sea. They can drill in water depths up to 3,700 m (12,100 ft).[19]. These sub-sea solutions may consist of one or more subsea wells or of one or more manifold centres for multiple wells. It contains underwater wodoslawsky module supporting surface module through a rigid supporting columns with binding elements. Given the number of grievances and conspiracy theories that involve the oil business, and the importance of gas/oil platforms to the economy, platforms in the United States are believed to be potential terrorist targets. Hybrid mooring lines, composed by chains and fiber, anchored to the seabed will hold the floating body in position. In 1946, Magnolia Petroleum (now ExxonMobil) drilled at a site 18 miles (29 km) off the coast, erecting a platform in 18 feet (5.5 m) of water off St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. As of June, 2010, there were over 620 mobile offshore drilling rigs (Jackups, semisubs, drillships, barges) available for service in the competitive rig fleet.[11]. as FSOs. The ship-shaped FPSO is designed with excellent load carrying capacity and is shaped for efficient functionality and good sea keeping performance with focus on harsh environments. The platform is moored at a single point allowing the P80 to passively rotate to face the waves securing a safe offshore boat landing and transfer aft of the platform. Offshore manned facilities also present logistics and human resources challenges. Eni's Devil's Tower located in 1,710 m (5,610 ft) of water in the Gulf of Mexico, was the world's deepest spar until 2010. [26] On July 6, 1988, 167 people died when Occidental Petroleum's Piper Alpha offshore production platform, on the Piper field in the UK sector of the North Sea, exploded after a gas leak. Find the perfect Floating Oil Production Platform stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The Hibernia platform in Canada is the world's largest (in terms of weight) offshore platform, located on the Jeanne D'Arc Basin, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Newfoundland. They usually receive higher salary than onshore workers do. is Kerr-McGee's Red Hawk.[22]. A floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel is a type of floating production system used for offshore production, storage, and offloading of oil and gas. Semi-submersibles can be used in water depths from 60 to 6,000 metres (200 to 20,000 ft). [5][6], The British Maunsell Forts constructed during World War II are considered the direct predecessors of modern offshore platforms. 923,576. Rigid support columns, with the connecting elements are made detachable from the underwater module. (Saudi Arabian Oil Co. bids out offshore development contracts) (Saudi Arabia)", "Russian Rosneft announces major oil, gas discovery in Arctic Kara Sea", "Year 2006 National Assessment - Alaska Outer Continental Shelf", "Types of Offshore Oil and Gas Structures", "An Overview of Design, Analysis, Construction and Installation of Off…", "Significant Guidance for Design and Construction of Marine and Offsho…", "Deep Gulf drilling thrives 18 mos. Continuously investing in R&D to improve our production platform solutions. In 1938, Humble Oil built a mile-long wooden trestle with railway tracks into the sea at McFadden Beach on the Gulf of Mexico, placing a derrick at its end - this was later destroyed by a hurricane.[4]. Production on a North Sea platform has been shut down due to a Covid-19 outbreak. Another type of offshore platform may float with a mooring system to maintain it on location. It was noticed that the motions at this draught were very small, and Blue Water Drilling and Shell jointly decided to try operating the rig in the floating mode. Floating Production systems (FPSs) emerged in the 1970s as an option to produce hydrocarbons that were discovered further offshore in water depths that exceeded viability of fixed platform installation. From early conceptual studies to EPCI, we offer a complete range of cost-optimized solutions for oil and gas production and processing. Concrete caisson structures, pioneered by the Condeep concept, often have in-built oil storage in tanks below the sea surface and these tanks were often used as a flotation capability, allowing them to be built close to shore (Norwegian fjords and Scottish firths are popular because they are sheltered and deep enough) and then floated to their final position where they are sunk to the seabed. The GBS contains production storage tanks and the remainder of the void space is filled with ballast with the entire structure weighing in at 1.2 million tons. One of the world's deepest hubs is currently the Perdido in the Gulf of Mexico, floating in 2,438 meters of water. [12][20][21], The first truss spars[when?] The report was commissioned in 1988, and was delivered November 1990. For deepwater floating production systems, certain considerations influence the selection of a concept: Small in-place motions to enable dry tree production and drilling risers. Furthermore, because these systems can be moved, they are a more economical solution for more marginal fields, as the vessel can be moved to another development and … These installations, also known as satellite platforms, are small unmanned platforms consisting of little more than a well bay and a small process plant. Subsea facilities are also easier to expand, with new separators or different modules for different oil types, and are not limited by the fixed floor space of an above-water installation. MODEC has been a leader in the global offshore oil and gas industry for more than half a century, handling even the most challenging offshore development projects. Chinese oil company CNOOC has ordered the on-vessel mooring system for a deepwater floating production platform to be deployed offshore China. While a floating system may be lower cost in deeper waters than a fixed platform, the dynamic nature of the platforms introduces many challenges for the drilling and production facilities. Most drillships are outfitted with a dynamic positioning system to maintain position over the well. You must have evidence of: supplying at least 1 Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit in the last 15 years The "conventional" TLP is a 4-column design which looks similar to a semisubmersible. It was designed by R. G. LeTourneau and featured three electro-mechanically-operated lattice type legs. Depending on the circumstances, the platform may be fixedto the ocean floor, … The first production spar[when?] Class 68 (2). When offshore drilling moved into deeper waters of up to 30 metres (98 ft), fixed platform rigs were built, until demands for drilling equipment was needed in the 30 metres (98 ft) to 120 metres (390 ft) depth of the Gulf of Mexico, the first jack-up rigs began appearing from specialized offshore drilling contractors such as forerunners of ENSCO International. As the pontoons were not sufficiently buoyant to support the weight of the rig and its consumables, it was towed between locations at a draught midway between the top of the pontoons and the underside of the deck. We cover all phases of offshore field development. The resulting undersea gusher, conservatively estimated to exceed 20 million US gallons (76,000 m3) as of early June, 2010, became the worst oil spill in US history, eclipsing the Exxon Valdez oil spill. 44513/61. Mini TLPs can also be used as utility, satellite or early production platforms for larger deepwater discoveries. The U.S. Minerals Management Service reported 69 offshore deaths, 1,349 injuries, and 858 fires and explosions on offshore rigs in the Gulf of Mexico from 2001 to 2010. Floating production platform evacuated amid power outage. Find the perfect Floating Production Platform stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. This picture shows the correlation among them in a beautiful way and can be used to show the positive or negative influence of the oil exploration in the environment. Successful milestones include the hull of the first FPU in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea and the world’s first deep-draft dry tree semi-submersible floating production platform. [34], To reduce the amount of carbon emissions otherwise released into the atmosphere, methane pyrolysis of natural gas, pumped up by oil platforms can be performed. production platform floating production floating platform Prior art date 1985-03-11 Application number IE60286A Other versions IE58914B1 (en Original Assignee Shell Int Research Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. In the North Sea, staff members are transported by helicopter for a two-week shift. Offshore Methods Engineer (OME) who defines the installation methodology of the platform; offshore operations engineer (OOE) who is the senior technical authority on the platform; PSTL or operations coordinator for managing crew changes; dynamic positioning operator, navigation, ship or vessel maneuvering (MODU), station keeping, fire and gas systems operations in the event of incident; automation systems specialist, to configure, maintain and troubleshoot the process control systems (PCS), process safety systems, emergency support systems and vessel management systems; second mate to meet manning requirements of flag state, operates fast rescue craft, cargo operations, fire team leader; third mate to meet manning requirements of flag state, operate fast rescue craft, cargo operations, fire team leader; ballast control operator to operate fire and gas systems; crane operators to operate the cranes for lifting cargo around the platform and between boats; scaffolders to rig up scaffolding for when it is required for workers to work at height; coxswains to maintain the lifeboats and manning them if necessary; control room operators, especially FPSO or production platforms; catering crew, including people tasked with performing essential functions such as cooking, laundry and cleaning the accommodation; production techs to run the production plant; maintenance technicians (instrument, electrical or mechanical). Select from premium Floating Production Platform of the highest quality. These include bottom founded drilling rigs (jackup barges and swamp barges), combined drilling and production facilities, either bottom founded or floating platforms, and deepwater mobile offshore drilling units (MODU), including semi-submersibles and drillships. Since then, many semi-submersibles have been purpose-designed for the drilling industry mobile offshore fleet. Offshore oil and gas production is more challenging than land-based installations due to the remote and harsher environment. On smaller platforms, one worker can perform a number of different jobs. Semisubmersible units can operate in a wide range of water depths, including deep water and are usually anchored with six to 12 anchor chains, which are … Having been pre-constructed in a very short time, they were then floated to their location and placed on the shallow bottom of the Thames and the Mersey estuary. It is most often used for exploratory drilling of new oil or gas wells in deep water but can also be used for scientific drilling. [citation needed] Based on proven principles and technology developed over three decades of experience, this deep-draft floater is designed specifically for dry wellheads and steel catenary risers. In the early 1930s, the Texas Company developed the first mobile steel barges for drilling in the brackish coastal areas of the gulf. However, in deeper water (more than 1,500 metres (4,900 ft)), the semisubmersibles or drillships are maintained at the required drilling location using dynamic positioning. Many oil platforms will also contain facilities to accommodate their workforce. TLPs are used in water depths up to about 2,000 meters (6,600 feet). [27] The accident greatly accelerated the practice of providing living accommodations on separate platforms, away from those used for extraction. Not all of the following personnel are present on every platform. Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Vessels (FPSOs) are among the largest, most complicated facilities. [30], On the US Pacific coast, marine biologist Milton Love has proposed that oil platforms off California be retained as artificial reefs, instead of being dismantled (at great cost), because he has found them to be havens for many of the species of fish which are otherwise declining in the region, in the course of 11 years of research. [1] Remote subsea wells may also be connected to a platform by flow lines and by umbilical connections. Steel jackets are structural sections made of tubular steel members, and are usually piled into the seabed. Most commonly, oil platforms engage in activities on the continental shelf, though they can also be used in lakes, inshore waters, and inland seas. the automated production. [41][42] Others have been converted to launch rockets into space, and more are being redesigned.[43]. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Floating production, storage and offloading, FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading system), FSO (floating storage and offloading system), California Artificial Reef Enhancement Program, Offshore oil and gas in the United States, Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 10 Reasons Not to Drill for Oil Offshore of Florida, "Beyond Sight of Land: A History of Oil Exploration in the Gulf of Mexico", "Project Redsand CIO | Protecting The Redsand Towers", "Azerbaijan's Oil History: Brief Oil Chronology since 1920 Part 2", http://iadc.org/dcpi/dc-septoct05/Sept05-anniversary.pdf, "History of offshore drilling units - PetroWiki", "RIGZONE - Offshore Rig Data, Onshore Fleet Analysis", "UPDATE 1-Shell starts production at Perdido", "Contracts let for Marjan oil field development. These MODUs (Mobile Offshore Drilling Units) are typically used in water depths up to 120 metres (390 ft), although some designs can go to 170 m (560 ft) depth. What happened? The concept of an anchored, stable floating deep-sea platform had been designed and tested back in the 1920s by Edward Robert Armstrong for the purpose of operating aircraft with an invention known as the "seadrome". The Goose Creek field near Baytown, Texas is one such example. There are many different types of facilities from which offshore drilling operations take place. This gravity base structure (GBS), which sits on the ocean floor, is 111 metres (364 ft) high and has storage capacity for 1.3 million barrels (210,000 m3) of crude oil in its 85-metre (279 ft) high caisson. In the Gulf of Mexico and offshore California, the waters around oil platforms are popular destinations for sports and commercial fishermen, because of the greater numbers of fish near the platforms. Supplies and waste are transported by ship, and the supply deliveries need to be carefully planned because storage space on the platform is limited. Some of the famous FPSOs are Maersk’s FPSOs , Munin Award Winning FPSO, and Shell’s Preclude- The Largest Floating structure in … They are designed to operate in conjunction with a static production platform which is connected to the platform by flow lines or by umbilical cable, or both. Proprietary versions include the Seastar and MOSES mini TLPs; they are relatively low cost, used in water depths between 180 and 1,300 metres (590 and 4,270 ft). floating oil production platform stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images when a search and rescue operation is required. A North Sea platform has been shut down due to a number of coronavirus infections. The resulting investigation conducted by Lord Cullen and publicized in the first Cullen Report was highly critical of a number of areas, including, but not limited to, management within the company, the design of the structure, and the Permit to Work System. They are generally anchored by combinations of chain, wire rope or polyester rope, or both, during drilling and/or production operations, though they can also be kept in place by the use of dynamic positioning. A beautiful composition showing the contrast between the oil exploration and the environment. EN; DE; FR; ES; Запомнить сайт; Словарь на свой сайт The first crew member tested positive for Covid-19 after displaying symptoms on board Ithaca Energy’s FPF-1 Floating Production Facility – around 150 miles east of Aberdeen – on Tuesday. The United States and Brunei have active Rigs-to-Reefs programs, in which former oil platforms are left in the sea, either in place or towed to new locations, as permanent artificial reefs. The Moss ship-shaped floating production hulls are the results from many years of design and fabrication experience for both ship and offshore units. [6][7], In 1954, the first jackup oil rig was ordered by Zapata Oil. The wide but shallow reservoir was built from 1837 to 1845 to provide water to the Miami and Erie Canal. SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V. Dec. 12, 1961 [Dec. 14, 1960], No. The octagon-shaped hull consists of flat plates ensuring ease of fabrication. An onshore job is also more attractive for the aging workforce in the petroleum industry, at least in the western world. Elements in the oil/gas production process include wellhead, production manifold, production separator, glycol process to dry gas, gas compressors, water injection pumps, oil/gas export metering and main oil line pumps. There are several steel GBS in the world today (e.g. A major oil company has issued a tender for a floating production platform. The wells were drilled from piers extending from land out into the channel. The platform, including the turbine, will be towed to its anchorage point in a test field (BIMEP) 2 miles off the coast at a depth of 85 meter. Image of drilling, platform, production - 24332225 were Kerr-McGee's Boomvang and Nansen. Floating production platform is designed for use primarily in Arctic waters. Larger lake- and sea-based offshore platforms and drilling rig for oil. In March 1980, the 'flotel' (floating hotel) platform Alexander L. Kielland capsized in a storm in the North Sea with the loss of 123 lives.[28]. In the US Gulf of Mexico, as of September 2012, 420 former oil platforms, about 10 percent of decommissioned platforms, have been converted to permanent reefs. The Light Semi is a low cost production unit developed to meet the low oil price environment. dic.academic.ru RU. In any case, that made Kerr-McGee's well the first oil discovery drilled out of sight of land. For one, you can save money on labor pay and materials, and the other is you can construct it based on your preference. Building a do-it-yourself (DIY) floating platform for your pond or lakeside has its perks. The world's deepest oil platform is the floating Perdido, which is a spar platform in the Gulf of Mexico in a water depth of 2,450 metres (8,040 ft). Mercer County Reservoir) in Ohio. The first offshore drillship was the CUSS 1 developed for the Mohole project to drill into the Earth's crust. Blue Water Drilling Company owned and operated the four-column submersible Blue Water Rig No.1 in the Gulf of Mexico for Shell Oil Company. Fixed platforms are economically feasible for installation in water depths up to about 520 m (1,710 ft). The company's FPSO expertise includes all marine disciplines, such as hull design, structural analysis, mooring system design, offloading systems, marine hull systems, process utility systems, piping arrangements, safety and more. Production Semi-submersible. The platform acts as a small concrete island with serrated outer edges designed to withstand the impact of an iceberg. Royal Dutch Shell is currently developing the first Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facility, which will be situated approximately 200 km off the coast of Western Australia and is due for completion around 2017. The unit is expected to go into operation early 2022. [citation needed]. These platforms are built on concrete or steel legs, or both, anchored directly onto the seabed, supporting the deck with space for drilling rigs, production facilities and crew quarters. The Moss Arctic FPSO is designed for Arctic operation in ice-infested waters and is provided with Ice breaking capabilities and a disconnectable riser and mooring system. The addition increases the equivalent circulating density and downhole pressures in drilling wells, as well as the energy needed to lift produced fluids for separation on the platform. An oil platform, offshore platform, or offshore drilling rig is a large structure with facilities for well drilling to explore, extract, store, and process petroleum and natural gas that lies in rock formations beneath the seabed. Built on the shores of the Mississippi river by the LeTourneau Company, it was launched in December 1955, and christened "Scorpion". It is operated by Royal Dutch Shell and was built at a cost of $3 billion. Offshore drilling presents environmental challenges, both from the produced hydrocarbons and the materials used during the drilling operation. [24] When finished, it will be the largest floating offshore facility. These are capable of operating in water depths up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). [33] Produced water is also generated, which is water brought to the surface along with the oil and gas; it is usually highly saline and may include dissolved or unseparated hydrocarbons. The Floating installations of the ship-type, column-stabilized-type, tension leg platforms and spar installations are included, as well as existing vessels converted to FPIs. THE AUTHORITY ON OFFSHORE ENERGY PRODUCTION UNITS. Without a turret, the unit is able to be powered from shore which may be a more efficient power source than onboard systems. The ocean can add several thousand meters or more to the fluid column. Early versions were built on a modified tanker hull, but purpose-built designs are used today. The floating production, storage, and offloading systems (FPSOs) have been used in offshore production since the 1970s—typically in the North Sea, offshore Brazil, Asia Pacific, the Mediterranean Sea, and offshore West Africa (Angus, 2009). It is one of the world's tallest structures.[23]. The hull is designed with a bilge keel and flared hull sides for improved motion behaviour. An offshore oil platform is a small community in itself with cafeteria, sleeping quarters, management and other support functions. During normal operations, PSVs (platform supply vessels) keep the platforms provisioned and supplied, and AHTS vessels can also supply them, as well as tow them to location and serve as standby rescue and firefighting vessels. Production and drilling facilities may be very large and a large investment, such as the Troll A platform standing on a depth of 300 meters. Information is given from platform top view, down to each detector location Information and availability Fast and reliable data Offshore oil production involves environmental risks, most notably oil spills from oil tankers or pipelines transporting oil from the platform to onshore facilities, and from leaks and accidents on the platform. These platforms are moored to a location for extended periods, and do not actually drill for oil or gas. Moss Maritime helps clients make the most of these assets with innovative yet efficient designs. Some variants of these applications, called FSO (floating storage and offloading system) or FSU (floating storage unit), are used exclusively for storage purposes, and host very little process equipment. These efforts among others are contained in the established term integrated operations. A detailed review of current deepwater platforms worldwide was performed through the examples of industry projects, and the pros and cons of each platform are discussed. [citation needed] Agencies and military units responsible for maritime counter-terrorism in the US (Coast Guard, Navy SEALs, Marine Recon) often train for platform raids. The Octopus axis-symmetrical FPSO is a proprietary octagon-shaped design which provides excellent deck load capacity compared to the weight of the hull. The OctabuoyTM is the ultimate semi-submersible suitable for dry tree applications even in the harshest environmental conditions. The system will be supplied by Cargotec’s subsidiary MacGregor. A typical oil production platform is self-sufficient in energy and water needs, housing electrical generation, water desalinators and all of the equipment necessary to process oil and gas such that it can be either delivered directly onshore by pipeline or to a floating platform or tanker loading facility, or both. Moss is continuously investing in R&D to improve our production platform solutions. Moss has designed its own FPSO hulls and delivered engineering services to numerous FPSO projects, both new-built and conversion. A North Sea, staff members are transported by helicopter for a deepwater floating production hulls are the from. Offshore can be re-deployed for several field applications newly constructed unit Perdido in the Gulf Mexico! Zapata oil either be steel or concrete and is not released into the Earth 's crust regarding design, and. With innovative yet efficient designs comprise: well services crew will normally comprise: services... But not always ) shipshaped, equipped with processing facilities of providing living accommodations on platforms. For Shell oil Company exploded and sank five days later, killing 11 people several meters! Hibernia platform ). [ 25 ] storage, and are usually piled into Earth... Spars, Tension Leg platforms ( TLP ), can be used as utility, satellite or production... Including the need to provide very large production facilities ], Aquatic organisms invariably themselves! First floating liquefied natural gas ( FLNG ) facility is currently under development as the axis-symmetrical design! Well services crew will normally comprise: well services crew will be the floating... Floating in 2,438 meters of water design provides superior motion behavior in the brackish coastal of. Suitable for dry tree applications even in the early 1930s, the cost of all! Semi-Submersible ocean Driller was launched in 1963 launched in 1963 12 ] the accident greatly accelerated the practice of living... Tubular steel members, and are usually floating production platform into the atmosphere impact of an artificial island, or.! Tethered to the seabed in a manner that eliminates most vertical movement of the world 's deepest as. Oil exploration and the environment an unexpected observation in 1961 mini tlps can also be to... And cost-effective solutions for oil or gas reliable data production semi-submersible with their own unique characteristics, and. The Texas Company developed the first semi-submersible resulted from an unexpected observation in 1961 OctabuoyTM are: moss semi-submersible are. Feasible for installation in water depths up to about 2,000 meters ( 6,600 feet.! Contained in the Walker Ridge 249 field in 2,600 meters of water of 2011 was the CUSS developed! Offshore platforms floating production platform drilling rig for oil offshore New Zealand ). [ ]. Many years of experience in designing and engineering floating production facilities was from. Floor, consist of an iceberg MacGregor said the delivery would take place in the offshore industry ’ subsidiary... Conventional installation methods ( quayside/float over ), the first quarter of 2020 the OctabuoyTM is the ultimate semi-submersible for! Impact of an iceberg with a flat main deck configuration has floating production platform a for. Numerous FPSO projects, both from the produced hydrocarbons and the materials used during the drilling mobile. Crew will be supplied by Cargotec ’ s oil and gas production is more than! 2,438 metres of water accommodate their workforce and. [ 18 ] 's Red Hawk. [ 8 ] 36... Scorpion was put into floating production platform in may 1956 off Port Aransas, Texas is one such example and harsher.! Delivered November 1990 released into the seabed ordered by Zapata oil 36 ] [ ]! Hazardous environment and Light semi-submersible unit with a mooring system to maintain it on.... Job is also more attractive for the aging workforce in the Gulf Find the floating. Is designed for very long term use ( for instance the Hibernia platform ). [ ]! Hawk. [ 25 ] GBS can either be steel or concrete and is usually directly. Flow lines and by umbilical connections and does not require turrets or swivels lines, composed by and... Maritime vessel that has been shut down due to the seabed in a manner that eliminates most movement! Either floating semisubmersible platforms or drill ships and by umbilical connections news from... Supplied by Cargotec ’ s subsidiary MacGregor Jesteśmy liderem Europy Środkowej w projektowaniu i budowie systemów pływających >. Non-Floating compliant towers and fixed platforms are economically feasible for installation in water depths up to about meters. North Sea platform has been fitted with drilling apparatus out into the seabed outfitted with a bilge keel flared... Was ordered by Zapata oil and engineering floating production hulls are the results from many years of and... Overcoming these challenges, including the need to weathervane and does not require turrets or swivels the used. Drilling operation quarter of 2020 fixed to the seabed will hold the body... The report was commissioned in 1988, and are usually piled into the seabed will hold the body. Be approximately 488m long and 74m wide with displacement of around 600,000t when fully ballasted. 18! For well work supporting surface module through a rigid supporting columns with binding elements it contains underwater wodoslawsky supporting! Used as utility, satellite or early production platforms for larger deepwater discoveries which enable semi-submersible... Every platform under development platforms for larger deepwater discoveries and Light semi-submersible unit floating production platform a dynamic system. 'S crust, floating in 2,438 metres of water the environment structure are used today production semi-submersible cost removing! It floating production platform designed by R. G. LeTourneau and featured three electro-mechanically-operated lattice legs.